Boutique Investment Banks: The Full Guide

When it comes to boutique investment banks, there’s so much confusion online that I don’t know where to start.

But it’s logical to address the most serious problem first – namely, that there are four major categories of “boutique banks,” and they are each quite different:

• Elite Boutique Banks (EBs)
• Up-and-Coming Elite Boutiques (UCEBs)
• Industry-Specific Boutiques (ISBs)
• Regional Boutiques (RBs)

Each category is so different that I could write an entire article about each one.

But hardly anyone searches for “industry-specific boutiques,” so I’m going to cover the final three categories here.

Boutique investment banks advise on “smaller deals,” often in the $50 – $100 million range or below, and they usually focus on one specific product, geography, or industry; exit opportunities are more limited as well.

In practice, most boutique investment banks focus on M&A Advisory or Restructuring because it’s difficult to compete in areas like ECM and DCM without much bigger teams.

There are hundreds or thousands of banks worldwide that qualify as “boutiques,” so I can’t possibly list everything. But here are a few examples by category:

What is a “Boutique Investment Bank”?

Definition: A boutique investment bank is a non-full-service firm that focuses on M&A Advisory or Restructuring, rather than capital markets, and that advises on deals that are significantly smaller ($50 – $100 million range or less) than those of bulge bracket or middle market banks; these deals are often concentrated in one industry or geography.

This definition refers primarily to Regional Boutiques (RBs) and some Industry-Specific Boutiques (ISBs).

Elite boutiques (EBs) are a completely different story because they advise on much bigger deals, and Analysts from EBs have much better exit opportunities.

Up-and-coming elite boutiques (UCEBs) also do not fit this definition because they often work on much bigger deals.

However, they are similar to RBs and ISBs in terms of headcount, geographic reach, and industry concentration – and it’s not clear how solid the exit opportunities are.

When in doubt, remember that size matters. If a bank consistently works on deals below $100 million, it’s a boutique, no matter how they try to spin it.

Boutique Investment Banks vs. Middle Market Banks vs. Elite Boutique Investment Banks

It should be easy to tell apart boutique investment banks from the bulge brackets: size, size, and size.

But things get murkier when you compare boutiques, elite boutiques, and middle market banks.

Here’s how you can tell them apart:

• Deal Size: If the firm often advises on $1 billion+ deals, it’s not a regional or industry-specific boutique bank, nor is it a middle market bank. It is likely an elite boutique or up-and-coming elite boutique.
• Services Provided: If the firm legitimately does a lot more than just M&A or Restructuring, it’s probably a middle market bank and not an EB, RB, ISB, or UCEB. But there is a grey area here between MMs and ISBs.
• Industry: If it’s narrowly focused on a single industry, it’s probably an RB, ISB, or UCEB.
• Geography: If it has fewer than 5 offices, it’s probably an RB, ISB, or UCEB. With more than 5 offices, it’s closer to MM or EB territory.
• Headcount: If it has fewer than 250 employees, it could be an ISB, UCEB, or RB. But if it has under 50 employees, it’s almost certainly a UCEB or RB.
• Exit Opportunities: If very few Analysts get into private equity or hedge funds, it’s probably an RB or ISB (the UCEB standing is unclear).

Here are a few examples:

SVB Leerink is a well-known healthcare-focused bank. It does more than just M&A, but most of its deals are under $100 million or “undisclosed.” It only does healthcare, and it has 4 locations and ~200 employees, so we’d say it’s an industry-specific boutique.

LionTree Advisors often works on multi-billion-dollar deals, so you can immediately tell it’s an EB or UCEB. It only does M&A, it focuses strictly on TMT investment banking, it has 4 offices, and it has fewer than 200 employees, so it’s an up-and-coming elite boutique.

Aethlon Capital in Minneapolis has all “undisclosed” deal sizes, indicating the deals are small, it only does M&A and private placements, it has just 1 location, and it has fewer than 10 employees, so it’s a regional boutique.

Ranking these firms is close to impossible, given that there are thousands of them with very limited data, so I’ll cover the major differences by category instead:

Up-and-Coming Elite Boutiques (UCEBs)

These firms are often founded by senior bankers from EB or BB banks who take a few big clients with them and establish a niche within an industry – even with very small teams.

For example, Robey Warshaw has fewer than 20 employees, but it has advised on M&A deals worth tens of billions of dollars, including Comcast’s acquisition of Sky.

This explains why you sometimes see these firms on the league tables, comparing favorably with BB and EB banks in terms of deal values:

Example firms include LionTree Advisors, Zaoui & Co., Robey Warshaw, Dyal Co, and M. Klein & Co.

In theory, these firms sound great: you still work on large and complex deals, but you’re on a small team, so you get massive deal exposure.

In practice, there are two problems with that:

1. The hours are often insane, even by IB standards. Think: 16 hours every day, every week, with no time off while that $70 billion deal is happening.
2. Since the Analyst classes are small, and these firms are very new, the exit opportunities are unclear. Most likely, though, you will not have a good shot at large HFs and PE firms until your UCEB turns into an EB instead.

Industry-Specific Boutiques (ISBs)

The ISBs are often closer to middle market banks because they tend to work on larger deals, they may have a few offices, and Analysts have somewhat-better exit opportunities.

But they’re still less diversified than MM banks, and their average deal is far smaller than the average at EB and BB banks.

Examples include SVB Leerink (Healthcare), Ziegler (Healthcare, Senior Living, and Education), FT Partners (Fintech), Raine Group and Allen & Co. (both TMT), Seabury (Transportation/Maritime/Aerospace & Defense), Telsey Advisory Group (Consumer/Retail), Valence Group (Chemicals), and dozens of others.

Industry-specific boutiques are often attractive acquisition targets because they allow larger banks to scale or make up for weaknesses.

For example, Cain Brothers was a well-known ISB in the healthcare sector until KeyBanc acquired it in 2017.

And KBW (Keefe, Bruyette & Woods) was a top ISB in financial services until Stifel acquired it in 2013.

Both firms still operate somewhat independently within larger organizations.

You could make the case that ISBs are closer to MM banks, but they still suffer from some of the same problems as the UCEBs: highly variable culture/hours/lifestyle and unclear exit opportunities.

For example, FT Partners “some of the banks above” are known for old-school banking cultures where Analysts work… a lot, more than even at BB banks.

Yes, they get great deal experience, but their exit opportunities are not commensurate with their hours worked.

Regional Boutiques (RBs)

When most people say “boutique banks,” they’re referring to regional boutiques.

These firms have anywhere from ~5 to ~50 employees, with 1-2 offices, and they advise on smaller deals (usually under $50 million).

Example firms include Marlin & Associates, Financo, Foros, KLR Group, Rivington Capital Advisors, India Brook Partners, Young & Partners, Sawaya Partners, Cleantech Group, and hundreds of others.

You could arguably call some of these firms “industry-specific boutiques” instead; it’s hard to tell because few disclose deal sizes.

Often, these firms are founded by veteran bankers from larger firms who want more independence, so the culture, hours, and lifestyle vary widely.

For example, I once interviewed a reader who interned at a regional boutique bank where:

• The team worked only 40-50 hours per week…
• …because they did not pitch for deals or do pointless work (e.g., changing the border colors in a CIM 15 times).
• Instead, the MDs there used their existing contacts and relationships to advise only on inbound deal inquiries.

Some regional boutiques are closer to MM, EB, or BB firms in terms of hours and lifestyle, so this example is not representative of the entire category.

However, it is fair to say that the average hours are lower at true regional boutique banks, often in the ranges of 60-70 or 50-60 hours per week.

You will probably get more exposure to deal processes at these smaller firms, but there are two big disadvantages:

1. Compensation is significantly lower, mostly because of lower bonuses.
2. Exit opportunities are much worse, and if you want to win a traditional PE/HF role, you’ll almost certainly have to move to a larger firm.

Why Work at a Boutique Investment Bank?

Boutique banks tend to be good for entry-level candidates, such as:

• University students who are completing their first internships.
• “Late starters” who already graduated and need work experience ASAP.

Recruiting is less competitive, and you can often win interviews and offers with aggressive cold calling and cold emailing.

Boutiques can also be good for senior bankers who are tired of working at big, bureaucratic firms, and who want a better lifestyle and more independence.

However, they’re not so good for people in the middle (Associates, VPs, and Directors) because many boutiques are thinly staffed and don’t necessarily offer a pathway to the top.

Also, rather than paying high salaries + bonuses, many regional boutiques offer “profit-sharing” plans to mid-level bankers, so compensation fluctuates significantly from year to year.

Why Not Work at a Boutique Investment Bank?

Deals are smaller and simpler, the firms are not well-known, and cash compensation is lower – especially at regional boutiques.

The experience is even more variable than working at an MM or EB bank, and the exit opportunities range from “unclear” to “limited.”

Advantages of Working in Investment Banking at a Boutique Bank:

The list of advantages and disadvantages is very similar to the list for middle market banks, but even more extreme:

• Boutiques are good for initial internships and entry-level roles if you got started late, changed your major or career path, or had other issues during undergrad.
• You could get a lot more deal exposure in terms of interaction with executives and counterparties.
• And some boutique banks have great cultures where you’re treated like a human, you spend less time on pointless tasks, and you work more like 60-70 hours per week.
• At the senior levels, cash compensation could be higher than cash compensation at larger banks if you perform well and close many deals.

Disadvantages of Working in Investment Banking at a Boutique Bank:

• Deals tend to be smaller and simpler, which may limit the technical skills you gain.
• Regional boutique banks rarely give full-time return offers to interns, so you’ll have to recruit elsewhere once your internship is done.
• Most boutiques (of all types) have small Analyst classes, which limits your network.
• Bonuses, at least at regional boutiques, are significantly lower.
• It’s not great to be “in the middle” of the hierarchy at these firms because there are fewer spots for Associates, VPs, and Directors, and compensation fluctuates significantly due to profit-share schemes.
• Highly variable work experience and culture, ranging from work-Analysts-to-death at some firms to relax-and-barely-work-more-than-a-standard-corporate-job at others.
• Reduced exit opportunities because you’re unlikely to win traditional PE/HF roles. The main options include corporate development, corporate finance, another bank, and maybe growth equity or venture capital, depending on your industry.

Are Boutique Banks for You?

The merits of boutique banks depend on your options.

If it’s a boutique bank vs. something outside IB/PE, such as a Big 4 firm or corporate finance at a mid-sized company, take the boutique offer.

If you end up cold-calling companies all day, move to another bank.

In most cases, MM banks beat boutique banks, and EB/BB banks beat MM banks, but there are always exceptions.

ISBs and MMs are sometimes a tougher call, and if you want to focus on a specific industry over the long term, an ISB might be a better bet.

And I’m not sure what to make of the UCEBs yet; there’s too little data on exit opportunities and long-term career outcomes.

But if you’ve read all the articles in this series, your own decision shouldn’t be tough to make – once you’ve sorted through all the online confusion.

For Further Reading:

• Boutique Investment Banks at the Associate Level
• From TV Broadcasting to Investment Banking (Boutique Bank in NY)
• Insurance Sales to Investment Banking at a Distressed M&A Boutique Bank
• Unknown State School to Boutique Investment Bank (Networking Case Study)